Assessment of in vitro maturation and fertilization of BDF1 mice germinal vesicle oocytes with and without cumulus cell after vitrification

Improving pregnancy rate associated with the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be an important advancement in human Assisted Reproductive Technology [ART]. Vitrification allows glasslike solidification of a solution, a physical process, without ice crystal formation in the living cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of the oocytes, in vitro maturation and embryo development vitrified germinal vesicle oocytes after single and stepwise exposure to cryoprotectants. Germinal vesicle oocytes or without cumulus cells were transferred to a verification solution composed of 30% M sucrose [v/v] ethylene glycol, 18% [w/v] Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M sucrose either by single step or in a step-wise fashion. After verification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed and washed twice in the medium TCM 119 and then subjected to in vitro maturation, the capacity of fertilization and embryonic development to 2-cell were examined in vitro. The oocytes surviving, maturing to MII, fertilization developmental rate in the step-wise exposure were significantly higher [P<0/05], compared with the corresponding rate in single step procedure. The results of the present study indicated that oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells and stepwise procedure had a positive effect on the maturation and developmental rate than oocytes without cumulus cells and single step procedure

[ effect of guidance channel on sciatic nerve repair in adult rats]

Peripheral nerve lesions are a challenge for neurosurgeons and different surgical repairing methods are applied for the treatment of this problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the poled polyvinelidene fluoride [PVDF] tube filled with nerve growth factor [NGF] and collagen gel as a substitute for nerve autograft. In this experimental study the left sciatic nerve was manipulated in 50 male Wistar rats and then the animals were divided randomly into five groups. In the epineural group the injured nerves were repaired by end to end suture. In the rats with autograft a 10 mm piece of sciatic nerve was rotated through 180 and sutured in the nerve gap. In the nerve guidance channel group [NGC], polarized piezoelectric PVDF tube containing NGF and collagen gel was replaced in the gap and in the axotomy group two nerve ends were hidden among muscles. The left sciatic nerve was exposed but not transected in the sham group. After two months L4-L6 segment neurons of spinal cord were studied histologically and by immunohistochemical and axonal DiI tracing. The collected data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, LSD and paired t-test. The mean number of Bax positive cells and labeled motor neurons increased significantly in axotomy and sham group respectively, compared to the other groups [P<0.05]. Also, the mean number of labeled motor neurons increased significantly in epinural group in comparison to the autograft and the NGC groups [P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in the mean number of the labeled neurons between the autograft and nerve guidance channel groups. The mean number of motor neurons in the left side showed a significant decrease in comparison to that of the right side [p<0.01]. The PVDF tube together with other therapies provided a favorable environment for nerve regeneration and could be used as a substitute for autograft in nerve injuries

[Histomorphology of the olfactory mucosa and spinal tissue sparing following transplantation in the partial spinal cord injury in rats]

Nowadays, cellular and tissues transplant has become the focus of attention for spinal cord injury. It has been shown olfactory nerve cells or olfactory mucosa whi have more efficient on nervous tissue repair and they have been more studied in experimental study. Furthermore, they were used in a few clinical centers for spinal defect. But mucosa tissue and spinal tissue have different structure and there is doubt about the integration of mucosa tissue in nervous tissue. Thus, in this research the morphology and the effect of the fetal olfactory mucosa [FOM] on spinal tissue sparing were studied after transplanted into the spinal cord hemisection in rats. This experimental study was conducted at Iran university of Medical Sciences in 2008. Of thirty eight female Sprague-Dawley [200-250g] rats twenty- eight were spinally hemisected at the L1 spinal level and were randomized into two groups of 14 animals. Treatment group received FOM graft and the control received fetal respiratory mucosa graft [FRM]. The other animals received surgical procedure without spinal cord injury as a sham group. The morphology of the transplant region and spinal tissue sparing was examined histological eight weeks after transplantation. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and the morphology of the transplant region were studied by light microscope. Histological study showed that the both mucosa tissues could not integrate with the parenchyma of the spinal tissue. Although the FOM were fused more then the FRM with the host tissue but clear boundary was seen at the graft-host interface. The mean spinal tissue sparing of the treatment group increased a little compare to the control but a significant difference was not apparent whereas, the spinal tissue sparing in treatment and control groups compare to the sham group decreased significantly [P <0.05]. Transplantation of the mucosa tissue directly, into the spinal cord injury was created different cytoarchitecture with spinal tissue and FOM partially preserving tissue sparing

[Ultra-structure study of lead acetate cytotoxic effects on testis in rabbit]

Lead is one the world wide using metals it has been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, known to have adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a bread range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Because it damage human, animal and plants. Nowadays has been attended on this metal. White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups [N=10] 6.5 Mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intraperitoneally every other day to each animal for 7 weeks as chronic dose and control group [N=10] were injected only with demonized water. After taking biopsy from testis tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Morphologic study was carried out on electron micrographs. Data have been compared using statistically methods. Morphological findings showed that testis tissue in experimental group that chronic dose has been sever changed histologically compared with control group. Seminifar tubules diameter showed significant decrease [p<0.05]. Primary Spermatocyte nucleus showed heterochromatin and mitochondria showed vacuelaution. These results [based on present study findings] revealed that lead acetate could have vivid effects on testis tissue during chronic dose

[Effects of ginger [zingiberaceae] on diabetes mellitus induced changes in the small intestine of rat]

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and causes gastrointestinal complications .The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger on the small intestine of diabetic rats. This experimental study was done in the anatomy department of Uremia Medical University in 1385. 24 adult male rats, weighing 250 +/- 20 gr were randomly selected and divided into 3 following groups: control, diabetic [induced by 60mg/kg STZ] and treatment groups. The treatment group was given ginger powder [5% of their consumed food weight during day/night period]. After 8 weeks, all rats were anaesthetized and their small intestines were removed and measured for their weight and length. For histological assessment, samples from each part of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was fixed in 10% formalin and slides with hematoxilin and eosin staining were prepared. Villi length, crypt depth and muscular layer thickness were assessed by graticule eye piece of light microscope. Statistical analysis, one- way analysis of variance and Tukey's SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that mean of intestinal length and weight, villi length and muscular layer thickness in all three parts and crypts depth in duodenum and jejunum in diabetic group increased significantly in comparison with control and treatment groups, but there was no significant difference between control and treatment groups. The results of this study demonstrate that ginger as an antioxidant, through decreasing oxidative stress, can prevent pathologic alterations induced by diabetes in small intestine